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Mapped: U.S. States by Cost Per Prisoner
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The U.S. has a prison population of over 1.2 million inmates.
In this map, we show the cost per prisoner across U.S. states, using data from USAFacts.
USAFacts sourced spending data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Annual Survey of State and Local Government Finances (last updated in June 2023), and prison population data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics (last updated November 2023).
Differences in Prison Spending Vary Widely Across States
More than $80 billion is spent annually on prisons in the United States.
A large part of this is used to pay over 4,000 vendors that serve the criminal legal system, including healthcare providers and food suppliers.
At the state level, most of the budget goes for day-to-day operations, including officer salaries.
In high-wage states such as California, New Jersey, and Massachusetts, officers receive double the salaries compared to those in lower-wage states like Mississippi, Missouri, and Kentucky.
As a result, spending can vary from just under $23,000 per prisoner in Arkansas to $307,468 in Massachusetts.
| State | Expenditure per prisoner (USD) |
|---|---|
| Massachusetts | 307K |
| Vermont | 134K |
| New Jersey | 133K |
| California | 128K |
| Maine | 117K |
| Rhode Island | 117K |
| New York | 116K |
| Maryland | 114K |
| New Mexico | 113K |
| Washington | 108K |
| Connecticut | 103K |
| Alaska | 93K |
| Delaware | 91K |
| Nebraska | 88K |
| North Dakota | 84K |
| West Virginia | 82K |
| Minnesota | 80K |
| Oregon | 79K |
| Colorado | 76K |
| Wyoming | 75K |
| New Hampshire | 74K |
| Utah | 73K |
| Illinois | 68K |
| Pennsylvania | 67K |
| Michigan | 65K |
| Wisconsin | 64K |
| Montana | 64K |
| North Carolina | 63K |
| Hawaii | 62K |
| Virginia | 61K |
| Kansas | 49K |
| South Dakota | 49K |
| Ohio | 44K |
| Idaho | 42K |
| Iowa | 42K |
| Florida | 42K |
| Arizona | 41K |
| Nevada | 40K |
| Tennessee | 39K |
| South Carolina | 38K |
| Kentucky | 36K |
| Indiana | 33K |
| Alabama | 33K |
| Missouri | 32K |
| Oklahoma | 32K |
| Texas | 31K |
| Georgia | 30K |
| Louisiana | 25K |
| Mississippi | 24K |
| Arkansas | 23K |
States With the Highest Incarceration Rates
Southern U.S. states have the highest imprisonment rates according to 2022 data, with Mississippi at 859 people per 100,000, Louisiana at 775, and Arkansas at 743.
Massachusetts has the lowest rate of any state, with 116 people per 100,000.
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